{"id":598,"date":"2015-09-24T01:14:39","date_gmt":"2015-09-23T21:44:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.pahlevanzadeh.org\/?p=598"},"modified":"2019-05-29T23:35:13","modified_gmt":"2019-05-29T19:05:13","slug":"iproute2-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-net-tools-%d8%a7%db%8c%d9%86-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-interface-%d9%87%d8%a7-%d9%82%d8%b3%d9%85%d8%aa-%d8%af%d9%88%d9%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/?p=598","title":{"rendered":"iproute2 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 net-tools (\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a: interface \u0647\u0627) (\u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0645)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 iproute2 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0645. \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 Object \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062a\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0627 interface \u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u0634 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0623\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f Internetworking \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627 ineterface \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.\"linux_foundation\"<\/a>
\n\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc VirtualBox \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc host \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u06f2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc ssh \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 ip \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645.
\n\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u062a\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0627\u0632 iproute2 \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 ip rourte \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u060c tc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062c\u062f\u0627 \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u2026.<\/p>\n

\u06f1. \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 ip \u0648 address:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u06cc\u06a9\u0633\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc Object \u0647\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.
\n\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n

# ip address \r\n# ip a \r\n# ip a show\r\n# ip addr show \r\n# ip a s<\/pre>\n
\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n
1: lo:  mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN \r\n    link\/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00\r\n    inet 127.0.0.1\/8 scope host lo\r\n    inet6 ::1\/128 scope host \r\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\r\n2: eth0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 08:00:27:93:04:1d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n    inet 192.168.56.102\/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global eth0\r\n    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe93:41d\/64 scope link \r\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\r\n3: eth1:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 08:00:27:3f:a5:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n    inet 192.168.42.164\/24 brd 192.168.42.255 scope global eth1\r\n    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe3f:a56f\/64 scope link \r\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever<\/pre>\n
\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u200c\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n
$ ip a s eth0\r\n2: eth0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 08:00:27:93:04:1d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n    inet 192.168.56.102\/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global eth0\r\n    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe93:41d\/64 scope link \r\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\r\nmohsen@parsix:~$ ip a s eth0 |grep inet\r\n    inet 192.168.56.102\/24 brd 192.168.56.255 scope global eth0\r\n    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe93:41d\/64 scope link <\/pre>\n
\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 eth0 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.
\n\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u067e\u062a \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 IP address \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
$ ip -4 a s  eth0 |grep ^inet |awk '{print $2}' |awk -F\/  '{print $1}'\r\n192.168.56.102<\/pre>\n
\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a IPv6 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u062a 6- \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc 4- \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0631: <\/p>\n
# ip -6 a s  eth0 |grep ^inet |awk '{print $2}' |awk -F\/  '{print $1}'\r\nfe80::a00:27ff:fe93:41d<\/pre>\n
\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 ip address \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 ip \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
# ip a del 192.168.56.102\/24 dev eth0<\/pre>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a dev \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0627 flush \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
# ip a flush eth0<\/pre>\n
\u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 IP address \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
# ip a add 192.168.42.23\/24 dev eth0 brd 192.168.42.255<\/pre>\n
\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> brd \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 broadcast \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.
\n\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> dev \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 interface \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n
\u06f2. \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 ip \u0648 link:<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n
$ ip link\r\n$ ip l<\/pre>\n
\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n
$ ip l\r\n1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default \r\n    link\/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00\r\n2: eth0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 18:03:73:60:b4:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n3: wlan0:  mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 38:59:f9:42:98:33 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n4: enxeacc09265a23:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether ea:cc:09:26:5a:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n5: vboxnet0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 0a:00:27:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n6: vboxnet1:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 0a:00:27:00:00:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff<\/pre>\n
\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> ip link \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 link \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 wlan0 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 up \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0647 device \u06cc \u06a9\u0647 up \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f:<\/p>\n
$ ip l sh up\r\n1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default \r\n    link\/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00\r\n2: eth0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 18:03:73:60:b4:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n4: enxeacc09265a23:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether ea:cc:09:26:5a:23 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n5: vboxnet0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 0a:00:27:00:00:00 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n6: vboxnet1:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 0a:00:27:00:00:01 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff<\/pre>\n
\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 Device \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
$ ip l show dev eth1\r\n3: eth1:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 08:00:27:3f:a5:6f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff<\/pre>\n
\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 net-tools \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 statistics \u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u0627\u0632 interface \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n
# ifconfig -s eth0\r\nIface   MTU Met   RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg\r\neth0       1500 0        52      0      0 0            35      0      0      0 BMRU<\/pre>\n
\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 ip link \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n
# ip -s  link sh dev eth0\r\n2: eth0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 08:00:27:93:04:1d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n    RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast   \r\n    18547      57       0       0       0       0      \r\n    TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns \r\n    6792       36       0       0       0       0      <\/pre>\n
\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 s- \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n
# ip -s -s link sh dev eth0\r\n2: eth0:  mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 08:00:27:93:04:1d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n    RX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped overrun mcast   \r\n    18547      57       0       0       0       0      \r\n    RX errors: length  crc     frame   fifo    missed\r\n               0        0       0       0       0      \r\n    TX: bytes  packets  errors  dropped carrier collsns \r\n    6792       36       0       0       0       0      \r\n    TX errors: aborted fifo    window  heartbeat\r\n               0        0       0       0      <\/pre>\n
\u0634\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0632 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0637\u0648\u062d \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0637\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0686\u0646\u062f keyword \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n
    \n
  • \n
    \nRX: \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f Packet \u0647\u0627\u06cc Receive \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \nTX: \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f Packet \u0647\u0627\u06cc Transfer \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \noverrun: \u0637\u0648\u0644 Packet \u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
  • \n
    \ncollsns: \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 Collosion \u0631\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
    \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0637 IDS \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 on \u0648 off \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 PROMISC \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0647\u0645\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
    # ip link set dev eth0 promisc off<\/pre>\n
    \u0641\u0644\u0627\u06af\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u062a \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0630\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n
      \n
    • \n
      \nARP<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      \ndynamic<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      \nmulticast<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      \nallmulticast<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
    • \n
      \ntrailers<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 mtu \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
      # ip link set eth0 mtu 1500<\/pre>\n
      \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0635\u0641 TX \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
      # ip link set eth0 txqlen 1000<\/pre>\n
      \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 MAC address \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n
      # ip link set dev eth0 address 00:12:13:de:f2:53<\/pre>\n
      \u06f3. \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 ip \u0648 maddr:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 Object \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n
        \n
      • \n
        \nunicast: \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0641\u0631\u0633\u062a\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \n\u200cBroadcast: \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \nMulticast: \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u067e\u06cc\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 multicast \u06cc\u06a9 device \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n
        # ip ma show dev eth1\r\n# ip ma l eth0 <\/pre>\n
        \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n
        # ip ma l eth1\r\n3:\teth1\r\n\tlink  01:00:5e:00:00:01\r\n\tlink  33:33:00:00:00:01\r\n\tlink  33:33:ff:3f:a5:6f\r\n\tinet  224.0.0.1\r\n\tinet6 ff02::1:ff3f:a56f\r\n\tinet6 ff02::1<\/pre>\n
        \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 Multicast \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n
        # ip madd add 227.10.0.1 dev eth1<\/pre>\n
        \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0637\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 static \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n
        # ip m show dev eth1\r\n3:\teth1\r\n\tlink  01:00:5e:00:00:01\r\n\tlink  33:33:00:00:00:01\r\n\tlink  33:33:ff:3f:a5:6f\r\n\tlink  e3:0a:00:01:00:00 static\r\n\tinet  224.0.0.1\r\n\tinet6 ff02::1:ff3f:a56f\r\n\tinet6 ff02::1<\/pre>\n
        \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647: <\/strong>multicast \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 ip \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 static \u062c\u0644\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.
        \n\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n
        # ip madd del 227.10.0.1 dev eth0<\/pre>\n
        \u06f4. \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 ip \u0648 neigh: <\/strong><\/p>\n
        \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc arp \u0648 rarp \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 net-tools \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 ip \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 iproute2 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0627 iproute2 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0627 net-tools \u060c \u062f\u0645 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 iputils-arping \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 arping \u0646\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.
        \nneigh \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 arp \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a.
        \n\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 arp \u06af\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 net-tools \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0647\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u060c\u200c \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645.
        \n\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627 arping \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 sysadmin \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.
        \n\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n
        # arping -I eth0 -c 1 192.168.42.129\r\nARPING 192.168.42.129 from 192.168.42.181 eth0\r\nUnicast reply from 192.168.42.129 [CA:34:ED:0B:A7:71]  0.997ms\r\nSent 1 probes (1 broadcast(s))\r\nReceived 1 response(s)<\/pre>\n
        \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 interface \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.
        \n\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.
        \n\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u0628\u0627 1 c-  \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f ARPING \u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. (\u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 count)
        \n\u0648 \u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647 ARP Table \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f.
        \n\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong>  \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc IP \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0635\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.
        \n\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong>  \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0633\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 arping \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 syntax \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 arping \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062c \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f.
        \n\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 ip neighbor \u0641\u0648\u06a9\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0645. \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n
        # ip neighbor\r\n# ip neigh\r\n# ip n\r\n# ip n<\/pre>\n
        \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 show \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.
        \n\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 Object \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc ARP Table \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f.
        \n\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0631\u06a9\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 ARP Table \u0631\u0627 \u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0622\u0648\u0631\u0645 \u0634\u0648\u0645:\n<\/ul>\n
      • \n
        \n\u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 IP <\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \n\u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 MAC \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 Link Layer Address \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. (lladdr)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \n\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 state \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 row \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 IP \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0647 nud \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. nud \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 Neighbour Unreachability Detection \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
      • \n
        \n\u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u06cc\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u067e\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0645.(\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u062a\u06a9\u0644   (Address Resolution Protocol) \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 ARP \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0645 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0645.
        \n\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0627\u0632 net-tools \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0634 arp  \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
        # arp -n\r\nAddress                  HWtype  HWaddress           Flags Mask            Iface\r\n192.168.42.53            ether   08:00:27:93:b9:61   C                     eth0\r\n192.168.42.52                    (incomplete)                              eth0\r\n192.168.42.51            ether   08:00:27:c7:b0:08   C                     eth0\r\n192.168.42.19            ether   0a:00:27:00:00:00   C                     eth0\r\n192.168.42.129                   (incomplete)                              eth0\r\n192.168.42.89            ether   0a:00:27:00:00:00   C                     eth0<\/pre>\n
        \u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 iproute2 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n
        # ip n\r\n192.168.42.53 dev eth0 lladdr 08:00:27:93:b9:61 REACHABLE\r\n192.168.42.52 dev eth0  FAILED\r\n192.168.42.51 dev eth0 lladdr 08:00:27:c7:b0:08 REACHABLE\r\n192.168.42.19 dev eth0 lladdr 0a:00:27:00:00:00 REACHABLE\r\n192.168.42.129 dev eth0  FAILED\r\n192.168.42.89 dev eth0 lladdr 0a:00:27:00:00:00 REACHABLE<\/pre>\n
        \u062a\u062c\u0632\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637:<\/strong>
        \n\u0647\u0631 \u062e\u0637 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 MAC Address \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 IPv4 \u06cc\u0627 IPv6 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0633\u067e\u0633 interface \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u0627 dev blahblah \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f dev eth0 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0628\u0627 lladdr \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0633\u062e\u062a \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646 (MAC Address) \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f. \u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u062e\u0631 nud \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.
        \n\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 FAILED \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u200c \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.
        \n\u0633\u0647 nud \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n
          \n
        • \n
          \nREACHABLE : \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          \nSTALE : \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0648\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. ip neigh \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
        • \n
          \nPERMANENT : \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a administratively \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
          # ip n add to 192.168.42.59 lladdr 08:00:27:93:b9:59 nud perm dev eth0\r\n# ip n\r\n192.168.42.59 dev eth0 lladdr 08:00:27:93:b9:59 PERMANENT\r\n192.168.42.129 dev eth0  FAILED\r\n192.168.42.89 dev eth0 lladdr 0a:00:27:00:00:00 REACHABLE<\/pre>\n
          \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0622\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 MAC \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a permanent \u0648 \u0628\u0627 interface \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 eth0 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647
          \n\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645. \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 ip n \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.
          \n\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u0646 interface \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n
          # ip n show dev eth0\r\n192.168.42.59 lladdr 08:00:27:93:b9:59 PERMANENT\r\n192.168.42.129  FAILED\r\n192.168.42.89 lladdr 0a:00:27:00:00:00 REACHABLE<\/pre>\n
          \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06cc\u0644\u062a\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 nud \u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n
          # ip n show nud permanent\r\n192.168.42.59 dev eth0 lladdr 08:00:27:93:b9:59 PERMANENT<\/pre>\n
          \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n
          # ip n show nud permanent dev eth0\r\n192.168.42.59 lladdr 08:00:27:93:b9:59 PERMANENT<\/pre>\n
          \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0644\u200c\u062a\u0631 (link)\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n
          ip -s -s n\r\n192.168.42.59 dev eth0 lladdr 08:00:27:93:b9:59 used 466\/466\/466 probes 0 PERMANENT\r\n192.168.42.129 dev eth0  ref 2 used 110\/79335\/107 probes 6 FAILED\r\n192.168.42.89 dev eth0 lladdr 0a:00:27:00:00:00 ref 5 used 18\/0\/13 probes 1 REACHABLE<\/pre>\n
          \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06a9 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 interface \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n
          # ip n flush dev eth0<\/pre>\n
          \u06cc\u0627 :<\/p>\n
          # ip n del to 192.168.42.50  dev eth0<\/pre>\n
          \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc replace \u0648 change \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n
          \u06f5. \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 ip ntable:<\/strong><\/p>\n
          ntable \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 arp \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n