{"id":431,"date":"2015-04-09T16:32:43","date_gmt":"2015-04-09T12:02:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.chpert.net\/?p=431"},"modified":"2019-05-29T23:38:43","modified_gmt":"2019-05-29T19:08:43","slug":"iproute2-%d8%af%d8%b1-%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%84-net-tools-%d8%b4%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%87-%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/?p=431","title":{"rendered":"iproute2 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644  net-tools (\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 tutroial \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 low level networking \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 ip_conntack \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0632 vlan \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0634\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0648\u06cc bridge \u0648 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0627 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 ip \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0641\u062a\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u0648 \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 ip \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc iproute2 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0635\u0628\u0631 \u0648 \u062d\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0632\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 iproute2 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u0634\u0648\u062f.<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pahlevanzadeh.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/linux_foundation.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.pahlevanzadeh.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/linux_foundation.png\" alt=\"linux_foundation\" width=\"300\" height=\"91\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-629\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<!--more--><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:18px;\"><strong>\u06f1. \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 iproute2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\n\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 linux 2.2 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u200c\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc net-tools \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u0631\u0641\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0634\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0648 \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">root@debian:\/home\/mohsen# dpkg -L net-tools  |grep bin |grep -v bin$ |grep -v sbin$   \r\n\/usr\/sbin\/arp\r\n\/sbin\/ifconfig\r\n\/sbin\/nameif\r\n\/sbin\/plipconfig\r\n\/sbin\/rarp\r\n\/sbin\/route\r\n\/sbin\/slattach\r\n\/sbin\/ipmaddr\r\n\/sbin\/iptunnel\r\n\/sbin\/mii-tool\r\n\/bin\/netstat<\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 net-tools \u06a9\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0634\u062f.<br \/>\n\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f iproute2 \u0627\u0632 net-tools \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c\u200c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 iproute2 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">root@debian:\/home\/mohsen# dpkg -L iproute2  |grep bin |grep -v bin$ |grep -v sbin$   \r\n\/bin\/ss\r\n\/bin\/ip\r\n\/sbin\/rtmon\r\n\/sbin\/tc\r\n\/sbin\/rtacct\r\n\/sbin\/bridge\r\n\/usr\/sbin\/arpd\r\n\/usr\/bin\/lnstat\r\n\/usr\/bin\/nstat\r\n\/usr\/bin\/routel\r\n\/usr\/bin\/routef\r\n\/sbin\/ip\r\n\/usr\/bin\/rtstat\r\n\/usr\/bin\/ctstat<\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631:<\/strong>  \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u067e\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 tc \u0647\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0647 iptables \u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-size:18px;\"><strong>\u06f2. \u0637\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc iproute2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f. \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 ip \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u062f\u06cc\u0645.\u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 manual page \u0622\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc Object \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0632 help \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 CISCO \u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">mohsen@debian:~$ ip route help\r\nUsage: ip route { list | flush } SELECTOR\r\n       ip route save SELECTOR\r\n       ip route restore\r\n       ip route showdump\r\n       ip route get ADDRESS [ from ADDRESS iif STRING ]\r\n                            [ oif STRING ] [ tos TOS ]\r\n                            [ mark NUMBER ]\r\n       ip route { add | del | change | append | replace } ROUTE\r\nSELECTOR := [ root PREFIX ] [ match PREFIX ] [ exact PREFIX ]\r\n            [ table TABLE_ID ] [ proto RTPROTO ]\r\n            [ type TYPE ] [ scope SCOPE ]\r\nROUTE := NODE_SPEC [ INFO_SPEC ]\r\nNODE_SPEC := [ TYPE ] PREFIX [ tos TOS ]\r\n             [ table TABLE_ID ] [ proto RTPROTO ]\r\n             [ scope SCOPE ] [ metric METRIC ]\r\nINFO_SPEC := NH OPTIONS FLAGS [ nexthop NH ]...\r\nNH := [ via ADDRESS ] [ dev STRING ] [ weight NUMBER ] NHFLAGS\r\nOPTIONS := FLAGS [ mtu NUMBER ] [ advmss NUMBER ]\r\n           [ rtt TIME ] [ rttvar TIME ] [ reordering NUMBER ]\r\n           [ window NUMBER] [ cwnd NUMBER ] [ initcwnd NUMBER ]\r\n           [ ssthresh NUMBER ] [ realms REALM ] [ src ADDRESS ]\r\n           [ rto_min TIME ] [ hoplimit NUMBER ] [ initrwnd NUMBER ]\r\n           [ quickack BOOL ]\r\nTYPE := [ unicast | local | broadcast | multicast | throw |\r\n          unreachable | prohibit | blackhole | nat ]\r\nTABLE_ID := [ local | main | default | all | NUMBER ]\r\nSCOPE := [ host | link | global | NUMBER ]\r\nNHFLAGS := [ onlink | pervasive ]\r\nRTPROTO := [ kernel | boot | static | NUMBER ]\r\nTIME := NUMBER[s|ms]\r\nBOOL := [1|0]<\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u067e\u0633 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 help \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.<br \/>\n<strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u062a\u0639\u062c\u0628 \u0646\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0630\u06a9\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<br \/>\n\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u06f2  \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">root@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ip neighbour  show\r\n192.168.1.11 dev eth0 lladdr 08:00:27:c7:b0:08 STALE\r\n192.168.1.1 dev eth0 lladdr 00:26:75:5d:2a:2e REACHABLE\r\n192.168.1.14 dev eth0 lladdr 08:00:27:93:23:6e STALE\r\n\r\nroot@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ip n  show\r\n192.168.1.11 dev eth0 lladdr 08:00:27:c7:b0:08 STALE\r\n192.168.1.1 dev eth0 lladdr 00:26:75:5d:2a:2e REACHABLE\r\n192.168.1.14 dev eth0 lladdr 08:00:27:93:23:6e STALE<\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0634 arp \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">root@debian:\/home\/mohsen# arp -a\r\ndev32 (192.168.1.11) at 08:00:27:c7:b0:08 [ether] on eth0\r\n? (192.168.1.1) at 00:26:75:5d:2a:2e [ether] on eth0\r\n? (192.168.1.14) at 08:00:27:93:23:6e [ether] on eth0<\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 arp \u0648 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f.<br \/>\n\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 (8)ip \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a Object \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">OBJECT := { link | addr | addrlabel | route | rule | neigh | ntable | tunnel | tuntap | maddr | mroute | mrule | monitor | xfrm | netns | l2tp | tcp_metrics }<\/pre>\n<p>\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 Object \u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 ip \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u062a  \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0622\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06af\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">root@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ip addr\r\n1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default \r\n    link\/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00\r\n    inet 127.0.0.1\/8 scope host lo\r\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\r\n    inet6 ::1\/128 scope host \r\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\r\n2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 18:03:73:60:b4:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n    inet 192.168.1.4\/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eth0\r\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\r\n    inet 192.168.1.147\/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global secondary eth0\r\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\r\n    inet6 fe80::1a03:73ff:fe60:b44e\/64 scope link \r\n       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever\r\n3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 38:59:f9:42:98:33 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\nroot@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ip link\r\n1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT group default \r\n    link\/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00\r\n2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 18:03:73:60:b4:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\n3: wlan0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 qdisc noop state DOWN mode DEFAULT group default qlen 1000\r\n    link\/ether 38:59:f9:42:98:33 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\r\nroot@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ip route\r\ndefault via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 \r\n169.254.0.0\/16 dev eth0  scope link  metric 1000 \r\n192.168.1.0\/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.4 <\/pre>\n<p>\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0622\u062e\u0631&#8230;.!<br \/>\n<strong>\u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647:<\/strong> \u0645\u062e\u0641\u0641 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0634 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">root@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ip a\r\nroot@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ip l\r\nroot@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ip r<\/pre>\n<p style=\"font-size:18px;\"><strong>\u06f3. \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 ip<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a permanent \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 IP \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u0628 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0627 ip address\u060c routing table \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a permanent \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u06a9\u0644 \u062f\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0648\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u0630\u062e\u06cc\u0631\u0647 IP Address \u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"margin-right:30px;\">\n<p>\n\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 redhat-base \u0647\u0627: \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u06a9\u062a\u0648\u0631\u06cc \/etc\/sysconfig\/network-scripts\/ \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc interface \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. <\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"margin-right:30px;\">\n<p>\n\u062e\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0647 debian-base \u0647\u0627: \u0641\u0627\u06cc\u0644 etc\/network\/interfaces\/ \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u067e\u06cc\u06a9\u0631\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 interface\u200c \u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<br \/>\n<strong>\u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c ip \u067e\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0631 dev \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<br \/>\n\u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 net-tools \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">root@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.20 netmask 255.255.255.0<\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0648\u062f:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">root@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ip addr flush dev eth0\r\nroot@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ip addr add 192.168.1.21\/24  dev eth0<\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631:<\/strong> \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 default gateway \u062f\u0631 net-tools \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">root@debian:\/home\/mohsen# route add default gw 192.168.1.1<\/pre>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 iproute2 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">root@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ip route add  default via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0<\/pre>\n<p>\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646\u06cc\u062f routing table \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"theme:dark-terminal font:liberation-mono font-size:14 nums:false line-height:20 toolbar:2 scroll:true lang:sh decode:true plain:false\">root@debian:\/home\/mohsen# ip r\r\ndefault via 192.168.1.1 dev eth0 \r\n192.168.1.0\/24 dev eth0  proto kernel  scope link  src 192.168.1.21 <\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0630\u06a9\u0631:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0648\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0641\u06cc\u0633 eth0 \u0631\u0648 \u0628\u0627 flush \u0639\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0647\u0631 \u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 ip address \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645. \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f show\u060c dev\u060c via \u0648 \u06cc\u0627  add \u0648 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f. \u067e\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>\u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0686\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 ip \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645. \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u06af\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u0645 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f \u0633\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062e \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06cc\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 tutroial \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0646\u062a \u067e\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0628\u0647 low level networking \u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0644 ip_conntack \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0632 vlan &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/?p=431\" class=\"more-link\">\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">iproute2 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644  net-tools (\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0648\u0644)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,2,111,67,109],"tags":[96,99,97,93,91,92,6,98,90,95],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=431"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":900,"href":"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/431\/revisions\/900"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=431"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=431"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pahlevanzadeh.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=431"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}